What Are the Traits and Care Tips for German Shepherd Dogs?

November 18, 2025

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Black and tan German Shepherd lying on grass with upright ears
Photo: Jakub Hałun · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Image credits

German Shepherd Dog: two coat lengths, both with undercoat

The German Shepherd Dog has a powerful, muscular outline with a body longer than its height. Its FCI standard includes double coat and long double coat. Both have undercoat, so the longer-haired variety is not simply a dog with long outer hair and no second layer beneath it.

How the two coats differ

In the double-coat variety, the outer hair is dense, harsh and close-fitting. The long double coat has softer outer hair that does not lie as close, with tufts on the ears and legs, fuller hair behind the hind legs and a bushy tail.

The Border Collie also has two coat varieties, but its moderately long coat and smooth coat have their own descriptions. Looking at the neck, legs and tail helps make the distinction more concrete than a single short-or-long label.

Time and space alongside a large frame

The earlier UK guide records more than two hours of daily exercise, grooming more than once a week, a large house and a large garden. Its location category covers town or country. These entries are useful planning prompts from an earlier guide, not an individual dog’s timetable.

The Rottweiler shares the exercise and space categories but has weekly grooming in the guide. The Border Collie shares the exercise and grooming entries, with a small house rather than a large one.

Compare proportions as well as height

The FCI heights are 60–65 cm for males and 55–60 cm for females. The body is slightly elongated rather than square. Compare with the Border Collie for coat varieties, or the Rottweiler for a substantial body under a different coat.

Sources and further reading

German Shepherd Dog at a glance

These earlier UK breed guides are starting points for comparison. Details may have changed, and individual dogs vary.

Breed group
Pastoral
Size
Large
Daily exercise
More than 2 hours per day
Grooming frequency
More than once a week
Coat length
Short and Long
Sheds
Yes
Suggested home size
Large house
Town or country
Town or country
Garden recommendation
Large garden
Lifespan
Over 10 years

The Kennel Club breed guide

FCI breed standard

Standard guidance describes the breed ideal; individual dogs vary.

Origin
Germany
Group
1 - Sheepdogs and Cattle Dogs (except Swiss Mountain and Cattle Dogs)
Section
1 - Sheepdogs
Variety covered
Double coat and Long double coat
Height
Males: 60–65 cm; Females: 55–60 cm
Weight
Males: 30–40 kg; Females: 22–32 kg

Official FCI standard (PDF)
Standard effective from 2010-08-11; checked 2026-10-15

DogTime description

Different DogTime sections are shown separately. Read 15 October 2026; later page updates may not be reflected. These descriptions are not breed-standard limits or guarantees for individual dogs.

Height at shoulder
Quick facts: Males: About 24–26 in; Quick facts: Females: 22–24 in; Size: Typically 22–26 in; Statistics: 22–26 in
Weight
Quick facts: 50–90 lb; Size: Usually 50–90 lb; Statistics: 75–95 lb

DogTime breed description

About Gabor

Gabor creates clear, practical dog guides that help owners understand breeds, behavior, and daily care. His goal is to make responsible dog ownership easier.

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